The Ishasha Valley transboundary ecosystem is part of the Greater Virunga Landscape, which is one of the most biodiverse and threatened landscapes on the planet. According to studies, its large mammal populations have declined dramatically over the last 25 years. Poaching, habitat destruction, and proximity to armed conflict zones have all hampered conservation efforts in the region, with large mammals such as lions, elephants, and hippos paying the highest price.